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Which of the following refers to service and production processes that use resources in ways that do not harm? ✅ Đã Test

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First published in 2005 in Jonathon Porritt’s book 'Capitalism As If The World Matters'.

Nội dung chính
    The Five Capitals Model provides a basis for understanding sustainability in terms of the economic concept of wealth creation or ‘capital’.Any organisation will use five types of capital to deliver its products or services. A sustainable organisation will maintain and where possible enhance these stocks of capital assets, rather than deplete or degrade them.How to use the Five Capitals modelThe Twelve Features of a sustainable societyIs a strategy that refers to buying goods or services instead of producing or providing them themselves?Which of the following is not an area of significant difference between manufacturing and service operations?Which of the following characterizes a system of production where highly skilled workers produced small quantities of customized goods?Is the management of systems or processes that create goods and provide services?

Page last updated in December 2022.

The Five Capitals Model provides a basis for understanding sustainability in terms of the economic concept of wealth creation or ‘capital’.

Any organisation will use five types of capital to deliver its products or services.

A sustainable organisation will maintain and where possible enhance these stocks of capital assets, rather than deplete or degrade them.

There are five types of sustainable capital from where we derive the goods and services we need to improve the quality of our lives.

How to use the Five Capitals model

The Five Capitals Model can be used to allow organisations to develop a vision of what sustainability looks like for its own operations, products and services. The vision is developed by considering what an organisation needs to do in order to maximise the value of each capital. However, an organisation needs to consider the impact of its activities on each of the capitals in an integrated way in order to avoid ‘trade-offs’. Using the model in this way for decision-making can lead to more sustainable outcomes.

Sustainable development is the best way to manage these capital assets in the long-term. It is a dynamic process through which organisations can begin to achieve a balance between their environmental, social and economic activities. We believe the best way to achieve a sustainable future is through system change. 

Systems change for sustainability

Natural Capital is any stock or flow of energy and material that produces goods and services. It includes:

    Resources - renewable and non-renewable materialsSinks - that absorb, neutralise or recycle wastesProcesses - such as climate regulation

Natural capital is the basis not only of production but of life itself!

Human Capital consists of people's health, knowledge, skills and motivation. All these things are needed for productive work.

Enhancing human capital through education and training is central to a flourishing economy.

Social Capital concerns the institutions that help us maintain and develop human capital in partnership with others; e.g. families, communities, businesses, trade unions, schools, and voluntary organisations.

Manufactured Capital comprises material goods or fixed assets which contribute to the production process rather than being the output itself – e.g. tools, machines and buildings.

Financial Capital plays an important role in our economy, enabling the other types of Capital to be owned and traded. But unlike the other types, it has no real value itself but is representative of natural, human, social or manufactured capital; e.g. shares, bonds or banknotes.

We are facing a sustainability crisis because we're consuming our stocks of natural, human and social capital faster than they are being produced. Unless we control the rate of this consumption, we can't sustain these vital stocks in the long-term.

We believe that by maintaining and trying to increase stocks of these capital assets, we can live off the income without reducing the capital itself. But for this to happen, it is the responsibility of every organisation, business or otherwise, to manage these capital assets sustainably.

The Twelve Features of a sustainable society

By describing what a sustainable society should look like, the ‘12 features’ model helps organisations evaluate the sustainability of their projects.

The features fit into the separate five capitals. If we invest appropriately in all capital stocks, and achieve the flow of benefits, the following statements would be true. They represent the outcome of a successful capital investment strategy for sustainable development - that is, a sustainable society.

of Natural Capital

    In their extraction and use, substances taken from the earth do not exceed the environment's capacity to disperse, absorb, recycle or otherwise neutralise their harmful effects (to humans and/or the environment)In their manufacture and use, artificial substances do not exceed the environment's capacity to disperse, absorb, recycle or otherwise neutralise their harmful effects (to humans and/or the environment)The capacity of the environment to provide ecological system integrity, biological diversity and productivity is protected or enhanced

of Human Capital

    At all ages, individuals enjoy a high standard of healthIndividuals are adept relationships and social participation, and throughout life set and achieve high personal standards of their development and learningThere is access to varied and satisfying opportunities for work, personal creativity, and recreation

of Social Capital

    There are trusted and accessible systems of governance and justiceCommunities and society large share key positive values and a sense of purposeThe structures and institutions of society promote stewardship of natural resources and development of peopleHomes, communities and society large provide safe, supportive living and working environments

of Manufactured Capital

    All infrastructure, technologies and processes make minimum use of natural resources and maximum use of human innovation and skills

of Financial Capital

    Financial capital accurately represents the value of natural, human, social and manufactured capital
     

Download the full report

These statements were designed in partnership with Keele University, with an ESRC project grant that engaged 60 academics and practitioners.

Read next:

    The Future of Sustainability 2022 Report: From System Shock to System Change6 ways Unilever has achieved success through sustainability - and how your business can too

You might also be interested in:

The Futures Centre - an open source platform using futures practice to help organisations and individuals grapple with uncertainty and change.

Is a strategy that refers to buying goods or services instead of producing or providing them themselves?

Outsourcing; supply chain. Buying goods or services instead of producing or providing them in-house is called: Outsourcing. Production systems with customized outputs typically have relatively: Skilled workers.

Which of the following is not an area of significant difference between manufacturing and service operations?

The correct choice is a : - Forecasting demand However there is not such significant difference in the forecasting of demand between manufacturing and service operations.

Which of the following characterizes a system of production where highly skilled workers produced small quantities of customized goods?

Craft Production (19): System in which highly skilled workers use simple, flexible tools to produce small quantities of customized goods. Division of Labor (20): Breaking up a production process into small tasks, so that each worker performs a small portion of the overall job.

Is the management of systems or processes that create goods and provide services?

Operations: management of systems or processes that create goods and/or provide services. Tải thêm tài liệu liên quan đến nội dung bài viết Which of the following refers to service and production processes that use resources in ways that do not harm?

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