Which of the following best describes the numbered areas Areas 1 and 3 are? ✅ 2023
Thủ Thuật Hướng dẫn Which of the following best describes the numbered areas Areas 1 and 3 are? Mới Nhất
Bùi Văn Quân đang tìm kiếm từ khóa Which of the following best describes the numbered areas Areas 1 and 3 are? được Cập Nhật vào lúc : 2022-12-24 10:10:19 . Với phương châm chia sẻ Bí quyết về trong nội dung bài viết một cách Chi Tiết 2022. Nếu sau khi tham khảo nội dung bài viết vẫn ko hiểu thì hoàn toàn có thể lại Comments ở cuối bài để Admin lý giải và hướng dẫn lại nha.Formally, a string is a finite, ordered sequence of characters such as letters, digits or spaces. The empty string is the special case where the sequence has length zero, so there are no symbols in the string. There is only one empty string, because two strings are only different if they have different lengths or a different sequence of symbols. In formal treatments,[1] the empty string is denoted with ε or sometimes Λ or λ.
Nội dung chính Show- Use in programming languages[edit]Examples of empty strings[edit]What of the following best describes a hydrophilic molecule?Which of the following characteristics of mitochondria best supports the argument that mitochondria were once separate organisms?Which of the following statements best supports the claim that certain organelles?Which of the following correctly shows the order in which protein moves through the cell?
The empty string should not be confused with the empty language ∅, which is a formal language (i.e. a set of strings) that contains no strings, not even the empty string.
The empty string has several properties:
In context-không lấy phí grammars, a production rule that allows a symbol to produce the empty string is known as an ε-production, and the symbol is said to be "nullable".
Use in programming languages[edit]
In most programming languages, strings are a data type. Strings are typically stored distinct memory addresses (locations). Thus, the same string (for example, the empty string) may be stored in two or more places in memory.
In this way, there could be multiple empty strings in memory, in contrast with the formal theory definition, for which there is only one possible empty string. However, a string comparison function would indicate that all of these empty strings are equal to each other.
Even a string of length zero can require memory to store it, depending on the format being used. In most programming languages, the empty string is distinct from a null reference (or null pointer) because a null reference points to no string all, not even the empty string. The empty string is a legitimate string, upon which most string operations should work. Some languages treat some or all of the following in similar ways: empty strings, null references, the integer 0, the floating point number 0, the Boolean value false, the ASCII character NUL, or other such values.
The empty string is usually represented similarly to other strings. In implementations with string terminating character (null-terminated strings or plain text lines), the empty string is indicated by the immediate use of this terminating character.
Examples of empty strings[edit]
The empty string is a syntactically valid representation of zero in positional notation (in any base), which does not contain leading zeros. Since the empty string does not have a standard visual representation outside of formal language theory, the number zero is traditionally represented by a single decimal digit 0 instead.
Zero-filled memory area, interpreted as a null-terminated string, is an empty string.
Empty lines of text show the empty string. This can occur from two consecutive EOLs, as often occur in text files, and this is sometimes used in text processing to separate paragraphs, e.g. in MediaWiki.
HUBZone small business concern" through any of the following procurement methods:(1) A sole-source award to a HUBZone small business concern.
(2) Set-aside awards based on competition restricted to HUBZone small business concerns.
(3) Awards to HUBZone small business concerns through full and open competition after a price evaluation preference in favor of HUBZone small business concerns.
(4) Awards based on a reserve for HUBZone small business concerns in a solicitation for a multiple-award contract.
HUBZone small business concern means a small business concern that meets the requirements described in 13 CFR 126.200, is certified by the Small Business Administration (SBA) and designated by SBA as a HUBZone small business concern in the Dynamic Small Business Search (DSBS) ( 13 CFR 126.103). SBA's designation also appears in SAM.
Humanitarian or peacekeeping operation means a military operation in support of the provision of humanitarian or foreign disaster assistance or in support of a peacekeeping operation under chapter VI or VII of the Charter of the United Nations. The term does not include routine training, force rotation, or stationing ( 10 U.S.C.2302(8) and 41 U.S.C. 153(2)).
Hydrofluorocarbons means compounds that contain only hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon.
In writing, "writing," or "written" means any worded or numbered expression that can be read, reproduced, and later communicated, and includes electronically transmitted and stored information.
Indirect cost means any cost not directly identified with a single final cost objective, but identified with two or more final cost objectives or with least one intermediate cost objective.
Indirect cost rate means the percentage or dollar factor that expresses the ratio of indirect expense incurred in a given period to direct labor cost, manufacturing cost, or another appropriate base for the same period (see also "final indirect cost rate").
Ineligible means excluded from Government contracting (and subcontracting, if appropriate) pursuant to statutory, Executive order, or regulatory authority other than this regulation ( 48 CFR chapter 1) and its implementing and supplementing regulations; for example, pursuant to–
(1) 40 U.S.C. chapter 31, subchapter IV, Wage Rate Requirements (Construction), and its related statutes and implementing regulations;
(2) 41 U.S.C. chapter 67, Service Contract Labor Standards;
(3) The Equal Employment Opportunity Acts and Executive orders;
(4) 41 U.S.C. chapter 65, Contracts for Material, Supplies, Articles, and Equipment Exceeding $10,000;
(5) 41 U.S.C. chapter 83, Buy American; or
(6) The Environmental Protection Acts and Executive orders.
Information and communication technology (ICT) means information technology and other equipment, systems, technologies, or processes, for which the principal function is the creation, manipulation, storage, display, receipt, or transmission of electronic data and information, as well as any associated content. Examples of ICT include but are not limited to the following: Computers and peripheral equipment; information kiosks and transaction machines; telecommunications equipment; customer premises equipment; multifunction office machines; software; applications; websites; videos; and electronic documents.
Information security means protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction in order to provide-
(1) Integrity, which means guarding against improper information modification or destruction, and includes ensuring information nonrepudiation and authenticity;
(2) Confidentiality, which means preserving authorized restrictions on access and disclosure, including means for protecting personal privacy and proprietary information; and
(3) Availability, which means ensuring timely and reliable access to, and use of, information.
Information technology means any equipment, or interconnected system(s) or subsystem(s) of equipment, that is used in the automatic acquisition, storage, analysis, evaluation, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of data or information by the agency.
(1) For purposes of this definition, equipment is used by an agency if the equipment is used by the agency directly or is used by a contractor under a contract with the agency that requires-
(i) Its use; or
(ii) To a significant extent, its use in the performance of a service or the furnishing of a product.
(2) The term "information technology" includes computers, ancillary equipment (including imaging peripherals, input, output, and storage devices necessary for security and surveillance), peripheral equipment designed to be controlled by the central processing unit of a computer, software, firmware and similar procedures, services (including support services), and related resources.
(3) The term "information technology" does not include any equipment that-
(i) Is acquired by a contractor incidental to a contract; or
(ii) Contains imbedded information technology that is used as an integral part of the product, but the principal function of which is not the acquisition, storage, analysis, evaluation, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of data or information. For example, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) equipment, such as thermostats or temperature control devices, and medical equipment where information technology is integral to its operation, are not information technology.
Inherently governmental function means, as a matter of policy, a function that is so intimately related to the public interest as to mandate performance by Government employees. This definition is a policy determination, not a legal determination. An inherently governmental function includes activities that require either the exercise of discretion in applying Government authority, or the making of value judgments in making decisions for the Government. Governmental functions normally fall into two categories: the act of governing, i.e., the discretionary exercise of Government authority, and monetary transactions and entitlements.
(1) An inherently governmental function involves, among other things, the interpretation and execution of the laws of the United States so as to-
(i) Bind the United States to take or not to take some action by contract, policy, regulation, authorization, order, or otherwise;
(ii) Determine, protect, and advance United States economic, political, territorial, property, or other interests by military or diplomatic action, civil or criminal judicial proceedings, contract management, or otherwise;
(iii) Significantly affect the life, liberty, or property of private persons;
(iv) Commission, appoint, direct, or control officers or employees of the United States; or
(v) Exert ultimate control over the acquisition, use, or disposition of the property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, of the United States, including the collection, control, or disbursement of Federal funds.
(2) Inherently governmental functions do not normally include gathering information for or providing advice, opinions, recommendations, or ideas to Government officials. They also do not include functions that are primarily ministerial and internal in nature, such as building security, mail operations, operation of cafeterias, housekeeping, facilities operations and maintenance, warehouse operations, motor vehicle fleet management operations, or other routine electrical or mechanical services.
Inspection means examining and testing supplies or services (including, when appropriate, raw materials, components, and intermediate assemblies) to determine whether they conform to contract requirements.
Insurance means a contract that provides that for a stipulated consideration, one party undertakes to indemnify another against loss, damage, or liability arising from an unknown or contingent sự kiện.
Interagency acquisition means a procedure by which an agency needing supplies or services (the requesting agency) obtains them from another agency (the servicing agency), by an assisted acquisition or a direct acquisition. The term includes—
(1) Acquisitions under the Economy Act ( 31 U.S.C. 1535); and
(2) Non-Economy Act acquisitions completed under other statutory authorities, (e.g., General Services Administration Federal Supply Schedules in subpart 8.4 and Governmentwide acquisition contracts (GWACs)).
Invoice means a contractor’s bill or written request for payment under the contract for supplies delivered or services performed (see also "proper invoice").
Irrevocable letter of credit means a written commitment by a federally insured financial institution to pay all or part of a stated amount of money, until the expiration date of the letter, upon the Government’s (the beneficiary) presentation of a written demand for payment. Neither the financial institution nor the offeror/contractor can revoke or condition the letter of credit.
Labor surplus area means a geographical area identified by the Department of Labor in accordance with 20 CFR part 654, subpart A, as an area of concentrated unemployment or underemployment or an area of labor surplus.
Labor surplus area concern means a concern that together with its first-tier subcontractors will perform substantially in labor surplus areas. Performance is substantially in labor surplus areas if the costs incurred under the contract on account of manufacturing, production, or performance of appropriate services in labor surplus areas exceed 50 percent of the contract price.
Latent defect means a defect that exists the time of acceptance but cannot be discovered by a reasonable inspection.
Line item means the basic structural element in a procurement instrument that describes and organizes the required product or service for pricing, delivery, inspection, acceptance, invoicing, and payment. The use of the term "line item" includes "subline item," as applicable.
Line item number means either a numeric or alphanumeric format to identify a line item.
Major disaster, as used in 6.208, 13.201, 13.500, 18.001, 18.202, 18.203, and subpart 26.2, means any natural catastrophe (including any hurricane, tornado, storm, high water, winddriven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, mudslide, snowstorm, or drought), or regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or explosion, in any part of the United States, which, in the determination of the President, causes damage of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant major disaster assistance under the Stafford Act to supplement the efforts and available resources of States, local governments, and disaster relief organizations in alleviating the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering caused thereby ( 42 U.S.C. 5122).
Major system means that combination of elements that will function together to produce the capabilities required to fulfill a mission need. The elements may include hardware, equipment, software, or any combination thereof, but exclude construction or other improvements to real property. A system is a major system if-
(1) The Department of Defense is responsible for the system and the total expenditures for research, development, test, and evaluation for the system are estimated to be more than $185 million based on Fiscal Year 2014 constant dollars or the eventual total expenditure for the acquisition exceeds $835 million based on Fiscal Year 2014 constant dollars (or any update of these thresholds based on a more recent fiscal year, as specified in the DoD Instruction 5000.02, "Operation of the Defense Acquisition System");
(2) A civilian agency is responsible for the system and total expenditures for the system are estimated to exceed $2.5 million or the dollar threshold for a "major system" established by the agency pursuant to Office of Management and Budget Circular A-109, entitled "Major System Acquisitions," whichever is greater; or
(3) The system is designated a "major system" by the head of the agency responsible for the system ( 10 U.S.C.2302 and 41 U.S.C. 109).
Make-or-buy program means that part of a contractor’s written plan for a contract identifying those major items to be produced or work efforts to be performed in the prime contractor’s facilities and those to be subcontracted.
Manufactured end product means any end product in product and service codes (PSC) 1000-9999, except-
(1) PSC 5510, Lumber and Related Basic Wood Materials;
(2) Product or service group (PSG) 87, Agricultural Supplies;
(3) PSG 88, Live Animals;
(4) PSG 89, Subsistence;
(5) PSC 9410, Crude Grades of Plant Materials;
(6) PSC 9430, Miscellaneous Crude Animal Products, Inedible;
(7) PSC 9440, Miscellaneous Crude Agricultural and Forestry Products;
(8) PSC 9610, Ores;
(9) PSC 9620, Minerals, Natural and Synthetic; and
(10) PSC 9630, Additive Metal Materials.
Market research means collecting and analyzing information about capabilities within the market to satisfy agency needs.
Master solicitation means a document containing special clauses and provisions that have been identified as essential for the acquisition of a specific type of supply or service that is acquired repetitively.
May denotes the permissive. However, the words "no person may..." mean that no person is required, authorized, or permitted to do the act described.
Micro-purchase means an acquisition of supplies or services using simplified acquisition procedures, the aggregate amount of which does not exceed the micro-purchase threshold.
Micro-purchase threshold means $10,000, except it means-
(1) For acquisitions of construction subject to 40 U.S.C. chapter 31, subchapter IV, Wage Rate Requirements (Construction), $2,000;
(2) For acquisitions of services subject to 41 U.S.C. chapter 67, Service Contract Labor Standards, $2,500;
(3) For acquisitions of supplies or services that, as determined by the head of the agency, are to be used to support a contingency operation; to facilitate defense against or recovery from cyber, nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological attack; to support a request from the Secretary of State or the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development to facilitate provision of international disaster assistance pursuant to 22 U.S.C. 2292 et seq.; or to support response to an emergency or major disaster ( 42 U.S.C. 5122), as described in 13.201(g)(1), except for construction subject to 40 U.S.C. chapter 31, subchapter IV, Wage Rate Requirements (Construction) ( 41 U.S.C. 1903)–
(i) $20,000 in the case of any contract to be awarded and performed, or purchase to be made, inside the United States; and
(ii) $35,000 in the case of any contract to be awarded and performed, or purchase to be made, outside the United States; and
(4) For acquisitions of supplies or services from institutions of higher education ( 20 U.S.C. 1001(a)) or related or affiliated nonprofit entities, or from nonprofit research organizations or independent research institutes—
(i) $10,000; or
(ii) A higher threshold, as determined appropriate by the head of the agency and consistent with clean audit findings under 31 U.S.C. chapter 75, Requirements for Single Audits; an internal institutional risk assessment; or State law.
Minority Institution means an institution of higher education meeting the requirements of Section 365(3) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1067k), including a Hispanic-serving institution of higher education, as defined in Section 502(a) of the Act ( 20 U.S.C. 1101a).
Multi-agency contract (MAC) means a task-order or delivery-order contract established by one agency for use by Government agencies to obtain supplies and services, consistent with the Economy Act (see 17.502-2). Multi-agency contracts include contracts for information technology established pursuant to 40 U.S.C. 11314(a)(2).
Multiple-award contract means a contract that is—
(1) A Multiple Award Schedule contract issued by GSA (e.g., GSA Schedule Contract) or agencies granted Multiple Award Schedule contract authority by GSA (e.g., Department of Veterans Affairs) as described in FAR part 38;
(2) A multiple-award task-order or delivery-order contract issued in accordance with FAR subpart 16.5, including Governmentwide acquisition contracts; or
(3) Any other indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity contract entered into with two or more sources pursuant to the same solicitation.
Must (see "shall").
National defense means any activity related to programs for military or atomic energy production or construction, military assistance to any foreign nation, stockpiling, or space, except that for use in subpart 11.6, see the definition in 11.601.
Neutral person means an impartial third party, who serves as a mediator, fact finder, or arbitrator, or otherwise functions to assist the parties to resolve the issues in controversy. A neutral person may be a permanent or temporary officer or employee of the Federal Government or any other individual who is acceptable to the parties. A neutral person must have no official, financial, or personal conflict of interest with respect to the issues in controversy, unless the interest is fully disclosed in writing to all parties and all parties agree that the neutral person may serve ( 5 U.S.C.583).
Nondevelopmental item means—
(1) Any previously developed item of supply used exclusively for governmental purposes by a Federal agency, a State or local government, or a foreign government with which the United States has a mutual defense cooperation agreement;
(2) Any item described in paragraph (1) of this definition that requires only minor modification or modifications of a type customarily available in the commercial marketplace in order to meet the requirements of the procuring department or agency; or
(3) Any item of supply being produced that does not meet the requirements of paragraphs (1) or (2) solely because the item is not yet in use.
Novation agreement means a legal instrument-
(1) Executed by the-
(i) Contractor (transferor);
(ii) Successor in interest (transferee); and
(iii) Government; and
(2) By which, among other things, the transferor guarantees performance of the contract, the transferee assumes all obligations under the contract, and the Government recognizes the transfer of the contract and related assets.
Offer means a response to a solicitation that, if accepted, would bind the offeror to perform the resultant contract. Responses to invitations for bids (sealed bidding) are offers called "bids" or "sealed bids"; responses to requests for proposals (negotiation) are offers called "proposals"; however, responses to requests for quotations (simplified acquisition) are "quotations," not offers. For unsolicited proposals, see subpart 15.6.
Offeror means offeror or bidder.
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization means the Office of Small Business Programs when referring to the Department of Defense.
OMB Uniform Guidance 2 CFR part 200 is the abbreviated title for Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (2 CFR part 200), which supersedes OMB Circulars A-21, A-87, A-89, A-102, A-110, A-122, and A-133, and the guidance in Circular A-50 on Audit Followup.
Option means a unilateral right in a contract by which, for a specified time, the Government may elect to purchase additional supplies or services called for by the contract, or may elect to extend the term of the contract.
Organizational conflict of interest means that because of other activities or relationships with other persons, a person is unable or potentially unable to render impartial assistance or advice to the Government, or the person’s objectivity in performing the contract work is or might be otherwise impaired, or a person has an unfair competitive advantage.
Outlying areas means-
(1) Commonwealths
(i) Puerto Rico.
(ii) The Northern Mariana Islands;
(2) Territories.
(i) American Samoa.
(ii) Guam.
(iii) U.S. Virgin Islands; and
(3) Minor outlying islands.
(i) Baker Island.
(ii) Howland Island.
(iii) Jarvis Island.
(iv) Johnston Atoll.
(v) Kingman Reef.
(vi) Midway Islands.
(vii) Navassa Island.
(viii) Palmyra Atoll.
(ix) Wake Atoll.
Overtime means time worked by a contractor’s employee in excess of the employee’s normal workweek.
Overtime premium means the difference between the contractor’s regular rate of pay to an employee for the shift involved and the higher rate paid for overtime. It does not include shift premium, i.e., the difference between the contractor's regular rate of pay to an employee and the higher rate paid for extra-pay-shift work.
Ozone-depleting substance means any substance the Environmental Protection Agency designates in 40 CFR Part 82 as—
(1) Class I, including, but not limited to, chlorofluorocarbons, halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform; or
(2) Class II, including, but not limited to, hydrochlorofluorocarbons.
Partial termination means the termination of a part, but not all, of the work that has not been completed and accepted under a contract.
Past performance means an offeror’s or contractor’s performance on active and physically completed contracts (see 4.804-4).
Performance-based acquisition (PBA) means an acquisition structured around the results to be achieved as opposed to the manner by which the work is to be performed.
Performance Work Statement (PWS) means a statement of work for performance-based acquisitions that describes the required results in clear, specific and objective terms with measurable outcomes.
Personal property means property of any kind or interest in it except real property, records of the Federal Government, and naval vessels of the following categories:
(1) Battleships;
(2) Cruisers;
(3) Aircraft carriers;
(4) Destroyers; and
(5) Submarines.
Personal services contract means a contract that, by its express terms or as administered, makes the contractor personnel appear to be, in effect, Government employees (see 37.104).
Plant clearance officer means an authorized representative of the contracting officer, appointed in accordance with agency procedures, responsible for screening, redistributing, and disposing of contractor inventory from a contractor’s plant or work site. The term "Contractor’s plant" includes, but is not limited to, Government-owned contractor-operated plants, Federal installations, and Federal and non-Federal industrial operations, as may be required under the scope of the contract.
Pollution prevention means any practice that-
(1)
(i) Reduces the amount of any hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant entering any waste stream or otherwise released into the environment (including fugitive emissions) prior to recycling, treatment, or disposal; and
(ii) Reduces the hazards to public health and the environment associated with the release of such substances, pollutants, and contaminants;
(2) Reduces or eliminates the creation of pollutants through increased efficiency in the use of raw materials, energy, water, or other resources; or
(3) Protects natural resources by conservation.
Power of attorney means the authority given one person or corporation to act for and obligate another, as specified in the instrument creating the power; in corporate suretyship, an instrument under seal that appoints an attorney-in-fact to act in behalf of a surety company in signing bonds (see also "attorney-in-fact" 28.001).
Preaward survey means an evaluation of a prospective contractor’s capability to perform a proposed contract.
Preponderance of the evidence means proof by information that, compared with that opposing it, leads to the conclusion that the fact issue is more probably true than not.
Pricing means the process of establishing a reasonable amount or amounts to be paid for supplies or services.
Principal means an officer, director, owner, partner, or a person having primary management or supervisory responsibilities within a business entity (e.g., general manager; plant manager; head of a division or business segment; and similar positions).
Procurement (see "acquisition").
Procuring activity means a component of an executive agency having a significant acquisition function and designated as such by the head of the agency. Unless agency regulations specify otherwise, the term "procuring activity" is synonymous with "contracting activity."
Products has the same meaning as "supplies."
Projected average loss means the estimated long-term average loss per period for periods of comparable exposure to risk of loss.
Proper invoice means an invoice that meets the minimum standards specified in 32.905(b).
Purchase order, when issued by the Government, means an offer by the Government to buy supplies or services, including construction and research and development, upon specified terms and conditions, using simplified acquisition procedures.
Qualification requirement means a Government requirement for testing or other quality assurance demonstration that must be completed before award of a contract.
Qualified products list (QPL) means a list of products that have been examined, tested, and have satisfied all applicable qualification requirements.
Qualifying offeror, as used in 13.106-1 and 15.304, means an offeror that is determined to be a responsible source, submits a technically acceptable proposal that conforms to the requirements of the solicitation, and the contracting officer has no reason to believe would be likely to offer other than fair and reasonable pricing ( 10 U.S.C. 2305(a)(3)(D)).
Receiving report means written evidence that indicates Government acceptance of supplies delivered or services performed (see subpart 46.6). Receiving reports must meet the requirements of 32.905(c).
Recovered material means waste materials and by-products recovered or diverted from solid waste, but the term does not include those materials and by-products generated from, and commonly reused within, an original manufacturing process. For use in subpart 11.3 for paper and paper products, see the definition 11.301.
Registered in the System for Award Management (SAM) means that—
(1) The Contractor has entered all mandatory information, including the unique entity identifier and the Electronic Funds Transfer indicator (if applicable), the Commercial and Government Entity (CAGE) code, as well as data required by the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (see subpart 4.14), into SAM;
(2) The Contractor has completed the Core, Assertions, Representations and Certifications, and Points of Contact sections of the registration in SAM;
(3) The Government has validated all mandatory data fields, to include validation of the Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The contractor will be required to provide consent for TIN validation to the Government as a part of the SAM registration process; and
(4) The Government has marked the record Active.
Renewable energy means energy produced by solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, landfill gas, ocean (including tidal, wave, current, and thermal), municipal solid waste, or new hydroelectric generation capacity achieved from increased efficiency or additions of new capacity an existing hydroelectric project (Energy Policy Act of 2005, 42 U.S.C. 15852).
Renewable energy technology means—
(1) Technologies that use renewable energy to provide light, heat, cooling, or mechanical or electrical energy for use in facilities or other activities; or
(2) The use of integrated whole-building designs that rely upon renewable energy resources, including passive solar design.
Requesting agency means the agency that has the requirement for an interagency acquisition.
Residual value means the proceeds, less removal and disposal costs, if any, realized upon disposition of a tangible capital asset. It usually is measured by the net proceeds from the sale or other disposition of the asset, or its fair value if the asset is traded in on another asset. The estimated residual value is a current forecast of the residual value.
Responsible audit agency means the agency that is responsible for performing all required contract audit services a business unit.
Responsible prospective contractor means a contractor that meets the standards in 9.104.
Scrap means personal property that has no value except its basic metallic, mineral, or organic content.
Segment means one of two or more divisions, product departments, plants, or other subdivisions of an organization reporting directly to a home office, usually identified with responsibility for profit and/or producing a product or service. The term includes-
(1) Government-owned contractor-operated (GOCO) facilities; and
(2) Joint ventures and subsidiaries (domestic and foreign) in which the organization has-
(i) A majority ownership; or
(ii) Less than a majority ownership, but over which it exercises control.
Self-insurance means the assumption or retention of the risk of loss by the contractor, whether voluntarily or involuntarily. Self-insurance includes the deductible portion of purchased insurance.
Senior procurement executive means the individual appointed pursuant to 41 U.S.C. 1702(c) who is responsible for management direction of the acquisition system of the executive agency, including implementation of the unique acquisition policies, regulations, and standards of the executive agency.
Service-disabled veteran-owned small business concern—
(1) Means a small business concern–
(i) Not less than 51 percent of which is owned by one or more service-disabled veterans or, in the case of any publicly owned business, not less than 51 percent of the stock of which is owned by one or more service-disabled veterans; and
(ii) The management and daily business operations of which are controlled by one or more service-disabled veterans or, in the case of a service-disabled veteran with permanent and severe disability, the spouse or permanent caregiver of such veteran.
(2) Service-disabled veteran means a veteran, as defined in 38 U.S.C.101(2), with a disability that is service-connected, as defined in 38 U.S.C.101(16).
Servicing agency means the agency that will conduct an assisted acquisition on behalf of the requesting agency.
Shall denotes the imperative.
Shipment means freight transported or to be transported.
Shop drawings means drawings submitted by the construction contractor or a subcontractor any tier or required under a construction contract, showing in detail either or both of the following:
(1) The proposed fabrication and assembly of structural elements.
(2) The installation (i.e., form, fit, and attachment details) of materials or equipment.
Should means an expected course of action or policy that is to be followed unless inappropriate for a particular circumstance.
Signature or "signed" means the discrete, verifiable symbol of an individual that, when affixed to a writing with the knowledge and consent of the individual, indicates a present intention to authenticate the writing. This includes electronic symbols.
Simplified acquisition procedures means the methods prescribed in part 13 for making purchases of supplies or services.
Simplified acquisition threshold means $250,000, except for—
(1) Acquisitions of supplies or services that, as determined by the head of the agency, are to be used to support a contingency operation; to facilitate defense against or recovery from cyber, nuclear, biological, chemical, or radiological attack; to support a request from the Secretary of State or the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development to facilitate provision of international disaster assistance pursuant to 22 U.S.C. 2292 et seq.; or to support response to an emergency or major disaster ( 42 U.S.C. 5122), ( 41 U.S.C. 1903), the term means–
(i) $800,000 for any contract to be awarded and performed, or purchase to be made, inside the United States; and
(ii) $1.5 million for any contract to be awarded and performed, or purchase to be made, outside the United States; and
(2) Acquisitions of supplies or services that, as determined by the head of the agency, are to be used to support a humanitarian or peacekeeping operation ( 10 U.S.C. 2302), the term means $500,000 for any contract to be awarded and performed, or purchase to be made, outside the United States.
Single, Governmentwide point of entry, means the one point of entry to be designated by the Administrator of OFPP that will allow the private sector to electronically access procurement opportunities Governmentwide.
Small business concern—
(1) Means a concern, including its affiliates, that is independently owned and operated, not dominant in its field of operation, and qualified as a small business under the criteria and size standards in 13 CFR part 121 (see 19.102).
(2) Affiliates, as used in this definition, means business concerns, one of whom directly or indirectly controls or has the power to control the others, or a third party or parties control or have the power to control the others. In determining whether affiliation exists, consideration is given to all appropriate factors including common ownership, common management, and contractual relationships. SBA determines affiliation based on the factors set forth 13 CFR 121.103.
Small business subcontractor means a concern that does not exceed the size standard for the North American Industry Classification Systems code that the prime contractor determines best describes the product or service being acquired by the subcontract.
Small Business Teaming Arrangement—
(1) Means an arrangement where–
(i) Two or more small business concerns have formed a joint venture; or
(ii) A small business offeror agrees with one or more other small business concerns to have them act as its subcontractors under a specified Government contract. A Small Business Teaming Arrangement between the offeror and its small business subcontractor(s) exists through a written agreement between the parties that–
(A) Is specifically referred to as a "Small Business Teaming Arrangement"; and
(B) Sets forth the different responsibilities, roles, and percentages (or other allocations) of work as it relates to the acquisition;
(2)
(i) For civilian agencies, may include two business concerns in a mentor-protégé relationship when both the mentor and the protégé are small or the protégé is small and the concerns have received an exception to affiliation pursuant to 13 CFR 121.103(h)(3)(ii) or (iii).
(ii) For DoD, may include two business concerns in a mentor-protégé relationship in the Department of Defense Pilot Mentor-Protégé Program (see section 831 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 (Public Law 101-510; 10 U.S.C. 2302 note)) when both the mentor and the protégé are small. There is no exception to joint venture size affiliation for offers received from teaming arrangements under the Department of Defense Pilot Mentor-Protégé Program; and
(3) See 13 CFR 121.103(b)(9) regarding the exception to affiliation for offers received from Small Business Teaming Arrangements in the case of a solicitation of offers for a bundled contract with a reserve.
Small disadvantaged business concern consistent with 13 CFR 124.1002, means a small business concern under the size standard applicable to the acquisition, that:
(1) Is least 51 percent unconditionally and directly owned (as defined 13 CFR 124.105) by—
(i) One or more socially disadvantaged (as defined 13 CFR 124.103) and economically disadvantaged (as defined 13 CFR 124.104) individuals who are citizens of the United States; and
(ii) Each individual claiming economic disadvantage has a net worth not exceeding $750,000 after taking into account the applicable exclusions set forth 13 CFR 124.104(c)(2); and
(2) The management and daily business operations of which are controlled (as defined 13 CFR 124.106) by individuals who meet the criteria in paragraphs (1)(i) and (ii) of this definition.
Sole source acquisition means a contract for the purchase of supplies or services that is entered into or proposed to be entered into by an agency after soliciting and negotiating with only one source.
Solicitation means any request to submit offers or quotations to the Government. Solicitations under sealed bid procedures are called "invitations for bids." Solicitations under negotiated procedures are called "requests for proposals." Solicitations under simplified acquisition procedures may require submission of either a quotation or an offer.
Solicitation provision or provision means a term or condition used only in solicitations and applying only before contract award.
Source selection information means any of the following information that is prepared for use by an agency for the purpose of evaluating a bid or proposal to enter into an agency procurement contract, if that information has not been previously made available to the public or disclosed publicly:
(1) Bid prices submitted in response to an agency invitation for bids, or lists of those bid prices before bid opening.
(2) Proposed costs or prices submitted in response to an agency solicitation, or lists of those proposed costs or prices.
(3) Source selection plans.
(4) Technical evaluation plans.
(5) Technical evaluations of proposals.
(6) Cost or price evaluations of proposals.
(7) Competitive range determinations that identify proposals that have a reasonable chance of being selected for award of a contract.
(8) Rankings of bids, proposals, or competitors.
(9) Reports and evaluations of source selection panels, boards, or advisory councils.
(10) Other information marked as "Source Selection Information-See FAR 2.101 and 3.104" based on a case-by-case determination by the head of the agency or the contracting officer, that its disclosure would jeopardize the integrity or successful completion of the Federal agency procurement to which the information relates.
Special competency means a special or unique capability, including qualitative aspects, developed incidental to the primary functions of the Federally Funded Research and Development Centers to meet some special need.
Special test equipment means either single or multipurpose integrated test units engineered, designed, fabricated, or modified to accomplish special purpose testing in performing a contract. It consists of items or assemblies of equipment including foundations and similar improvements necessary for installing special test equipment, and standard or general purpose items or components that are interconnected and interdependent so as to become a new functional entity for special testing purposes. Special test equipment does not include material, special tooling, real property, and equipment items used for general testing purposes or property that with relatively minor expense can be made suitable for general purpose use.
Special tooling means jigs, dies, fixtures, molds, patterns, taps, gauges, and all components of these items including foundations and similar improvements necessary for installing special tooling, and which are of such a specialized nature that without substantial modification or alteration their use is limited to the development or production of particular supplies or parts thereof or to the performance of particular services. Special tooling does not include material, special test equipment, real property, equipment, machine tools, or similar capital items.
State and local taxes means taxes levied by the States, the District of Columbia, outlying areas of the United States, or their political subdivisions.
Statement of Objectives (SOO) means a Government-prepared document incorporated into the solicitation that states the overall performance objectives. It is used in solicitations when the Government intends to provide the maximum flexibility to each offeror to propose an innovative approach.
Subline item means a subset of a line item.
Substantial evidence means information sufficient to support the reasonable belief that a particular act or omission has occurred.
Substantially as follows or "substantially the same as," when used in the prescription and introductory text of a provision or clause, means that authorization is granted to prepare and utilize a variation of that provision or clause to accommodate requirements that are peculiar to an individual acquisition; provided that the variation includes the salient features of the FAR provision or clause, and is not inconsistent with the intent, principle, and substance of the FAR provision or clause or related coverage of the subject matter.
Supplemental agreement means a contract modification that is accomplished by the mutual action of the parties.
Supplies means all property except land or interest in land. It includes (but is not limited to) public works, buildings, and facilities; ships, floating equipment, and vessels of every character, type, and description, together with parts and accessories; aircraft and aircraft parts, accessories, and equipment; machine tools; and the alteration or installation of any of the foregoing.
Supporting a diplomatic or consular mission means performing outside the United States under a contract administered by Federal agency personnel who are subject to the direction of a Chief of Mission.
Surety means an individual or corporation legally liable for the debt, default, or failure of a principal to satisfy a contractual obligation. The types of sureties referred to are as follows:
(1) An individual surety is one person, as distinguished from a business entity, who is liable for the entire penal amount of the bond.
(2) A corporate surety is licensed under various insurance laws and, under its charter, has legal power to act as surety for others.
(3) A cosurety is one of two or more sureties that are jointly liable for the penal sum of the bond. A limit of liability for each surety may be stated.
Surplus property means excess personal property not required by any Federal agency as determined by the Administrator of the General Services Administration (GSA). (See 41 CFR 102-36.40).
Suspension means action taken by a suspending official under 9.407 to disqualify a contractor temporarily from Government contracting and Government-approved subcontracting; a contractor that is disqualified is "suspended."
Sustainable acquisition means acquiring goods and services in order to create and maintain conditions-
(1) Under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony; and
(2) That permit fulfilling the social, economic, and other requirements of present and future generations.
System for Award Management (SAM) means the primary Government repository for prospective Federal awardee and Federal awardee information and the centralized Government system for certain contracting, grants, and other assistance-related processes. It includes—
(1) Data collected from prospective Federal awardees required for the conduct of business with the Government;
(2) Prospective contractor-submitted annual representations and certifications in accordance with FAR subpart 4.12; and
(3) Identification of those parties excluded from receiving Federal contracts, certain subcontracts, and certain types of Federal financial and non-financial assistance and benefits.
Task order means an order for services placed against an established contract or with Government sources.
Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) means the number required by the IRS to be used by the offeror in reporting income tax and other returns. The TIN may be either a Social Security Number or an Employer Identification Number.
Technical data means recorded information (regardless of the form or method of the recording) of a scientific or technical nature (including computer databases and computer software documentation). This term does not include computer software or financial, administrative, cost or pricing, or management data or other information incidental to contract administration. The term includes recorded information of a scientific or technical nature that is included in computer databases (see 41 U.S.C. 116).
Terminated portion of the contract means the portion of a contract that the contractor is not to perform following a partial termination. For construction contracts that have been completely terminated for convenience, it means the entire contract, notwithstanding the completion of, and payment for, individual items of work before termination.
Termination for convenience means the exercise of the Government’s right to completely or partially terminate performance of work under a contract when it is in the Government’s interest.
Termination for default means the exercise of the Government’s right to completely or partially terminate a contract because of the contractor’s actual or anticipated failure to perform its contractual obligations.
Termination inventory means any property purchased, supplied, manufactured, furnished, or otherwise acquired for the performance of a contract subsequently terminated and properly allocable to the terminated portion of the contract. It includes Government-furnished property. It does not include any facilities, material, special test equipment, or special tooling that are subject to a separate contract or to a special contract requirement governing their use or disposition.
Unallowable cost means any cost that, under the provisions of any pertinent law, regulation, or contract, cannot be included in prices, cost-reimbursements, or settlements under a Government contract to which it is allocable.
Unique and innovative concept, when used relative to an unsolicited research proposal, means that-
(1) In the opinion and to the knowledge of the Government evaluator, the meritorious proposal-
(i) Is the product of original thinking submitted confidentially by one source;
(ii) Contains new, novel, or changed concepts, approaches, or methods;
(iii) Was not submitted previously by another; and
(iv) Is not otherwise available within the Federal Government.
(2) In this context, the term does not mean that the source has the sole capability of performing the research.
Unique entity identifier means a number or other identifier used to identify a specific commercial, nonprofit, or Government entity. See www.sam.gov for the designated entity for establishing unique entity identifiers.
United States, when used in a geographic sense, means the 50 States and the District of Columbia, except as follows:
(1) For use in subpart 3.10, see the definition 3.1001.
(2) For use in subpart 22.8, see the definition 22.801.
(3) For use in subpart 22.10, see the definition 22.1001.
(4) For use in subpart 22.13, see the definition 22.1301.
(5) For use in subpart 22.16, see the definition 22.1601.
(6) For use in subpart 22.17, see the definition 22.1702.
(7) For use in subpart 22.18, see the definition 22.1801.
(8) For use in subpart 22.19, see the definition 22.1901.
(9) For use in part 23, see definition 23.001.
(10) For use in part 25, see the definition 25.003.
(11) For use in part 27, see the definition 27.001.
(12) For use in subpart 47.4, see the definition 47.401.
Unsolicited proposal means a written proposal for a new or innovative idea that is submitted to an agency on the initiative of the offeror for the purpose of obtaining a contract with the Government, and that is not in response to a request for proposals, Broad Agency Announcement, Small Business Innovation Research topic, Small Business Technology Transfer Research topic, Program Research and Development Announcement, or any other Government-initiated solicitation or program.
Value engineering means an analysis of the functions of a program, project, system, product, item of equipment, building, facility, service, or supply of an executive agency, performed by qualified agency or contractor personnel, directed improving performance, reliability, quality, safety, and life-cycle costs ( 41 U.S.C. 1711). For use in the clause 52.248-2, see the definition 52.248-2(b).
Value engineering change proposal (VECP)—
(1) Means a proposal that–
(i) Requires a change to the instant contract to implement; and
(ii) Results in reducing the overall projected cost to the agency without impairing essential functions or characteristics, provided, that it does not involve a change–
(A) In deliverable end item quantities only;
(B) In research and development (R&D) items or R&D test quantities that are due solely to results of previous testing under the instant contract; or
(C) To the contract type only.
(2) For use in the clauses -
(i) 52.248-2, see the definition 52.248-2(b); and
(ii) 52.248-3, see the definition 52.248-3(b).
Veteran-owned small business concern means a small business concern-
(1) Not less than 51 percent of which is owned by one or more veterans (as defined 38 U.S.C.101(2)) or, in the case of any publicly owned business, not less than 51 percent of the stock of which is owned by one or more veterans; and
(2) The management and daily business operations of which are controlled by one or more veterans.
Virgin material means—
(1) Previously unused raw material, including previously unused copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, iron, other metal or metal ore; or
(2) Any undeveloped resource that is, or with new technology will become, a source of raw materials.
Voluntary consensus standards means common and repeated use of rules, conditions, guidelines or characteristics for products, or related processes and production methods and related management systems. Voluntary Consensus Standards are developed or adopted by domestic and international voluntary consensus standard making bodies (e.g., International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and ASTM-International). See OMB Circular A-119.
Warranty means a promise or affirmation given by a contractor to the Government regarding the nature, usefulness, or condition of the supplies or performance of services furnished under the contract.
Waste reduction means preventing or decreasing the amount of waste being generated through waste prevention, recycling, or purchasing recycled and environmentally preferable products.
Water consumption intensity means water consumption per square foot of building space.
Women-owned small business concern means—
(1) A small business concern–
(i) That is least 51 percent owned by one or more women; or, in the case of any publicly owned business, least 51 percent of the stock of which is owned by one or more women; and
(ii) Whose management and daily business operations are controlled by one or more women; or
(2) A small business concern eligible under the Women-Owned Small Business Program in accordance with 13 CFR part 127 (see subpart 19.15).
Women-Owned Small Business (WOSB) Program.
(1) "Women-Owned Small Business (WOSB) Program" means a program that authorizes contracting officers to limit competition, including award on a sole-source basis, to—
(i) Economically disadvantaged women-owned small business (EDWOSB) concerns eligible under the WOSB Program for Federal contracts assigned a North American Industry Classification Systems (NAICS) code in an industry in which the Small Business Administration (SBA) has determined that WOSB concerns are underrepresented in Federal procurement; and
(ii) WOSB concerns eligible under the WOSB Program for Federal contracts assigned a NAICS code in an industry in which SBA has determined that WOSB concerns are substantially underrepresented in Federal procurement.
(2) "Economically disadvantaged women-owned small business (EDWOSB) concern" means a small business concern that is least 51 percent directly and unconditionally owned by, and the management and daily business operations of which are controlled by, one or more women who are citizens of the United States and who are economically disadvantaged in accordance with 13 CFR part 127, and the concern is certified by SBA or an approved third-party certifier in accordance with 13 CFR 127.300 . It automatically qualifies as a women-owned small business (WOSB) concern eligible under the WOSB Program.
(3) "Women-owned small business (WOSB)" concern eligible under the WOSB Program means a small business concern that is least 51 percent directly and unconditionally owned by, and the management and daily business operations of which are controlled by, one or more women who are citizens of the United States, and the concern is certified by SBA or an approved third-party certifier in accordance with 13 CFR 127.300.
Writing or written (see "in writing").
Insert the clause 52.202-1, Definitions, in solicitations and contracts that exceed the simplified acquisition threshold.
What of the following best describes a hydrophilic molecule?
Hydrophilic molecules are polar in nature and easily form a hydrogen bond with water thereby getting dissolved in water. Notably, these interactions between the hydrophilic molecule and water are thermodynamically favored.Which of the following characteristics of mitochondria best supports the argument that mitochondria were once separate organisms?
Answer and Explanation: The statement that best supports that mitochondria are descendants of endosymbiotic bacteria-like cells is c) Mitochondria and bacteria possess similar DNA.Which of the following statements best supports the claim that certain organelles?
Which of the following statements best supports the claim that certain organelles within eukaryotic cells evolved from không lấy phí-living prokaryotic cells? Some organelles contain their own DNA that is more similar to prokaryotic DNA in structure and function than to the eukaryotic DNA found in the cell's nucleus.Which of the following correctly shows the order in which protein moves through the cell?
So, the correct answer is 'Rough ER →→ Golgi apparatus →→ Cell membrane'. Tải thêm tài liệu liên quan đến nội dung bài viết Which of the following best describes the numbered areas Areas 1 and 3 are?